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Understanding Metamask’s Sign Data Display in Viem

When using MetaMask for signature recovery in a smart contract written in Solidity, it can display incorrect or unexpected character combinations as Unicode question marks and other symbols. This phenomenon occurs when the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) encounters an invalid or malformed signature.

The Issue: Incorrect Sign Signature Format

In Ethereum 2.0, the EVM has introduced changes to the signature format, which requires a specific structure for the signature data. The correct format is represented by the hexadecimal 0x.... However, when signing a message with MetaMask in Viem, it displays incorrect or missing characters in the signData field.

Why Does Metamask Display Unicode Question Marks?

The displayed Unicode question marks (?) are likely due to the following reasons:

Fixing the Issue: Correct Signature Format and Verification

To resolve this issue, follow these steps:

In Viem, ensure that your signature is displayed correctly by specifying the correct format for sign data when calling the signData function:

const signer = await ethers.getSigner('0x...'); // Replace '0x...' with your actual sign data

const tx = {

data: signer.signTransaction({

roof,

value: Wei.toWei(amount, 'ether'),

gas: Math.min(400000, (2 * gasLimit) + 100),

gasPrice: ethers.utils.parseUnits(gasPrice, 'web'),

}),

};

const encodedTx = tx.rawTransaction;

console.log(encodedTx);

This corrected example displays the sign data in hexadecimal format using ethers.utils.hexify(). You can adjust this to match your specific contract’s signature format.

Additional Tips and Considerations

Metamask: Why does Metamsk display the sign data as unicode question marks and other various characters when signing a message with Viem?

By following these steps and considering the potential causes of incorrect sign data displays in Metamask, you should be able to resolve this issue and successfully recover signer information in Viem.

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